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1、溫故而知新，下筆如有神。 近些年英語六級專項測練題（第3套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance work and leisure. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. ___________________________________

2、______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listen

3、ing Comprehension (30 minutes) 說明：由于近些年12月六級考試全國共考了2套聽力，本套專項測練題聽力與前2套內(nèi)容完全一樣，只是順序不一樣，因此在本套專項測練題中不再重復出現(xiàn)。 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from

4、a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use

5、any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. In what’s probably the craziest headline I’ve ever written, I’ve reported that 26 in livestock protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows. The experiment is base

6、d upon the idea that farmers who’re protecting their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock. While this makes a lot of sense, it results in many lion deaths that 27 would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been 28 and testing a method

7、 of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts. This idea is based on the principle that lions and other 29 are far less likely to attack when they feel they are being watched. As conservation areas become smaller, lions are increasingly coming into conta

8、ct with human populations, which are expanding to the 30 of these protected areas. Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual headway in the fight for conservation. “If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana—and 31 —with a low-cos

9、t, sustainable tool to protect their livestock, and a way to keep lions safe from being killed.” Lions are 32 ambush（埋伏）hunters, so when they feel their prey has 33 them, they usually give up on the hunt. Researchers are 34 testing their idea on a select herd of cattle. They have painted half

10、 of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal. Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area, they will be able to 35 if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions. A)advances????????????? ? I）otherwise B)boundaries?

11、???????????????? J)predators C)challenging???????????? K) primarily D)currently???????????????? ? ?L）retorted E)determine?????????????? ? ?M）spotted F)devising???????????????? ? N) testimonies G)elsewhere?????????????? O）wrestle H)nevertheless Section B Direction

12、s: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.

13、 Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure [A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, un

14、distracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refres

15、hing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with（繼續(xù)處理）the emails that have inevitably still piled up. [B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient（有復原力的）and determined

16、in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of

17、overworking. [C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the toug

18、her we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate. [D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation be

19、tween lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity. [E] And just because w

20、ork stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5 pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Nor

21、way found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics（工作狂）. The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.” [F] We bel

22、ieve that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S.. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus inte

23、rferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers. [G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3 am to finis

24、h a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-cont

25、rol with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce. [H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performanc

26、e zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there i

27、s in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us. [I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your

28、 brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight h

29、ours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing. [J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their

30、 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required

31、 for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentar

32、y on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do. [K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give y

33、ourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day.

34、 You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day. [L]In addition, you can take

35、 a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of prom

36、otion. [M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging.

37、 Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone. 　　36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents

38、. 　　37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is. 　 38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency. 　　39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight. 　　40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopp

39、ed working. 　　41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking. 　　42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery. 　　43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience. 　　44. People’s distorted vie

40、w about resilience may have developed from their upbringing. 45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be. 　 Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of

41、 them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Children with attention problems in early ch

42、ildhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school, says a new study from Duke University. The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site clinical trial in the U.S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives. With this

43、study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood. They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on

44、academic performance. By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement scores than their peers. As fifth-graders, children with early attention problems obtained average reading scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries’ and grades at leas

45、t 8% lower than those of their peers. This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry. Although these may not seem like large effects, the impact of early attention problems continued throughout the children’s academic careers. Lower reading achievement

46、scores and grades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate. “The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（注意力缺乏多動癥）（ADHD）, although

47、 some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest attention dean of Duke’s Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance in children with attention difficulties. Social acceptance by peers in early

48、childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade. Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades. “This study shows the importance of so-called ‘non-cognitive’ or soft skills in contributing to chi

49、ldren’s positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success,” said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy. The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those with attention problems stay on track academ

50、ically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the researchers said. “We’re learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that incorporates not only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and attention skills,” Dodge said. “If we neglect any

51、 of these areas, the child’s development lags. If we attend to these areas, a child’s success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops.” 46. What is the focus of the new study from Duke University? 　　A)The contributors to children’s early attention. 　　B) The predictors of children’s ac

52、ademic success. 　　C) The factors that affect children’s emotional well-being. 　　D) The determinants of children’s development of social skills. 47. How did the researchers ensure that their findings are valid? A)By attaching equal importance to all possible variables examined. B)By collecting a

53、s many typical samples as were necessary. C)By preventing them from being affected by factors not under study. D)By focusing on the family background of the children being studied. 48. What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study? A)Modest students are generally more attentive than their

54、 contemporaries. B)There are more children with attention difficulties than previously thought. C)Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder accounts for most academic failures. D)Children’s academic performance may suffer from even slight inattention. 49. What does the Duke study find about child

55、ren better accepted by peers? A)They do better academically. B)They are easy to get on with. C)They are teachers’ favorites. D)They care less about grades. 50. What can we conclude from the Duke study? A)Children’s success is related to their learning environment. B)School curriculum should

56、 cover a greater variety of subjects. C)Social skills are playing a key role in children’s development. D)An all-round approach should be adopted in school education. Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage On Jan.9,2007, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple’s “revolu

57、tionary mobile phone”—a device that combined the functionality of an iPod, phone and Internet communication into a single unit, navigated by touch. It was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of American adults and are increasingly common across the

58、globe. As smartphones have multiplied, so have questions about their impact on how we live and how we work. Often the advantages of convenient, mobile technology are both obvious and taken for granted, leaving more subtle topics for concerned discussion: Are smartphones disturbing children’s sleep?

59、 Is an inability to get away from work having a negative impact on health? And what are the implications for privacy? But today, on the 10th anniversary of the iPhone, let’s take a moment to consider a less obvious advantage: the potential for smartphone technology to revolutionize behavioral scien

60、ce. That’s because, for the first time in human history, a large proportion of the species is in continuous contact with technology that can record key features of an individual’s behavior and environment. Researchers have already begun to use smartphones in social scientific research, either to qu

61、ery people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device’s built-in sensors. These studies are confirming, challenging and extending what’s been found using more traditional approaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in rel

62、atively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks. Such studies are just first steps. As more data are collected and methods for analysis improve, researchers will be in a better position to identify how different experiences, behaviors and environments relate to each other and evolve over time,

63、with the potential to improve people’s productivity and wellbeing in a variety of domains. Beyond revealing population-wide patterns, the right combination of data and analysis can also help individuals identify unique characteristics of their own behavior, including conditions that could indicate t

64、he need for some form of intervention—such as an unusual increase in behaviors that signal a period of depression. Smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science. Today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studi

65、es with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situations studied with more diverse groups of people. Smartphones offer new tools for achieving these ambitions, providing rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of contexts. So here’s another way in which smartphones mig

66、ht transform the way we live and work: by offering insights into human psychology and behavior and, thus, supporting smarter social science. 51. What does the author say about the negative impact of smartphones? A)It has been overshadowed by the positive impact. B)It has more often than not been taken for granted. C)It is not so obvious but has caused some concern. D)It is subtle but should by no means be overstated. 52. What is considered a less obvious advantage of smartphone technolog