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1、 Period 2　Learning about Language The General Idea of This Period This period is about the useful words,expressions and structures learned in the reading part,from the exercises in this period,the students can consolidate what they learnt in the reading part,and learn the grammar about the -ing fo

2、rm as a noun. Teaching Important Points Learn how to use the -ing form as a noun. Teaching Difficult Points Learn to use the -ing form as a subject as well as an object. Teaching Methods Asking-and-answering activity to check the students’ answers of the exercises;individual,pair or grou

3、p work to finish each task. Teaching Aids A multi-media computer  A blackboard Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Knowledge and Skills Learn some key words: trial,consider,prove,tell the truth,pretend,think highly of,besides Learn some important drills: I think highly of those who are

4、searching for the Amber Room. Besides,my father once told me that any person who finds something could keep it. I must say that I agree with you. I must say that I don’t agree with you. Help the students learn how to use the -ing form as a noun. Enable the students to learn how to make jud

5、gments and give their opinions. Process and Strategies The teacher may lead the students to sum up some grammatical items themselves. Give some necessary explanation. Feelings and Value Through the studying of this part the students will know more about the -ing form as a noun.Besides,thei

6、r ability of transference will be strengthened. Teaching Procedures Step 1 Revision 1.Greetings. 2.Ask the students to use the first person to retell the passage about Dr Yuan,and ask them to try to use the proper conjunctions. Step 2 Useful words and expressions T:From the reading part,

7、we can find some useful words and expressions.So now please find the words and expressions that means the same from the text.(Ex.1 on Page 11) After two minutes,the teacher begins to check the answers and give the right answers: Suggested answers: 1.sunburnt　2.hunger　3.rid...of　4.expand　5.circ

8、ulate　 6.lead a...life　7.would rather　8.thanks to　9.struggle　10.export T:Now Let’s come to Ex.2.Please complete the passage with words and expressions from the previous sections,then I’ll ask you to give me the answers sentence by sentence. After several minutes,the teacher ask the students to

9、give their answers. Suggested answers: 1.prove　2.would rather　3.live a　4.life　5.rid　6.of　7.output　8.increased　9.sunburnt T:How about Ex.3,have you found the answers?I’d like to ask some of you to read the sentences and then give me the answers. Suggested answers: 1.super　2.satisfied　3.stra

10、in　4.exported　5.suitable Step 3 Discovering useful structures T:Let’s come to discovering useful structures,at first let’s finish the exercises in this part.Do you know what does “ even a poor person can have a wish” mean? S:It means “Wishing for things costs nothing.” T:Very good!Now please

11、rewrite the sentences in Ex.2 on Page 12. After five minutes,the teacher checks the answers.(Ss answer the questions one by one.) Suggested answers: 1.Helping people in need of help is nice. 2.Growing hybrid rice isn’t easy. 3.Learning more about farming isn’t difficult. 4.Doing research

12、 in the countryside isn’t easy. 5.Getting rid of hunger is very important in some African countries. 6.Explaining this again is important or we will get confused. T:Do you think it’s very easy to learn about the -ing form as the subject?But how about the -ing form as the object?Now I’d like to

13、 check the answers of Ex.3 on Page 12. (Ss give the answers one by one.) Suggested answers: 1.Dr Yuan likes talking to rice growers about his work. 2.He continued doing research until a better strain of rice was found. 3.Many city kids look forward to visiting the countryside. 4.Not all

14、students enjoy working in the fields. 5.They started producing hybrid rice in 1974. 6.I remember meeting the scientist while he was in Beijing last time. Step 4 Grammar T:Today,we are going to learn the v.-ing as a noun.So at first who can tell me what a noun can be used as in a sentence?And

15、 please give me some examples. S:It can be used as subject.For example:Smoking is harmful to our health. T:Now I think you have known how to use the v.-ing as subject.But how about others? S:It can also be used as object.For example:I have forgotten seeing this film. T:You are right.The v.-i

16、ng form can be used as object,too.Now let’s come to know more about it. T:Very good.(The teacher may give a systematical explanation of the grammar.) Step 5 Homework  1.Finish the related exercises on Workbook. 2.Prepare for the next class. 3.Finish the exercises about the -ing form as the

17、subject and object. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 2　Working the land Period 2　Learning about language 1.chemical adj.化學(xué)的;關(guān)于化學(xué)的 chemistry n.化學(xué) 2.Phrases that can be used with the -ing form: be good at;care (little) about;dream of;devote...to;see the need for;be afraid of

18、;be concerned about;be interested in Record after Teaching Activities and Research When leading in the grammar part,you may give the students some examples about the -ing form as a noun and encourage the students to sum up the grammatical rules.Then the teacher may ask the students to ma

19、ke up as many sentences as possible to consolidate it. Reference for Teaching Grammar 動(dòng)名詞 一、概述 和不定式一樣,動(dòng)名詞也是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種,它通常由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成。動(dòng)名詞有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種語(yǔ)態(tài),有一般式,完成式和進(jìn)行式三種形式。如下表所示: 態(tài) 時(shí) 態(tài) 語(yǔ) 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 完成進(jìn)行式 having been doing 無(wú) 動(dòng)名詞仍保留有動(dòng)詞的

20、特征,可以和自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的功能,在句中可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。 二、動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式 1.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式 ①一般式 動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或者表示一種無(wú)時(shí)間性限制的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 He enjoys writing letters in English. 他喜歡用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)信。 Many young people like playing football.許多年輕人喜歡踢足球。 ②完成式 動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),如:

21、 They regret having been unable to help you.他們?yōu)闆](méi)能幫上你的忙而遺憾。 After having written the letter,he went to post it.他寫(xiě)完信,就去寄它了。 She regretted having missed the film.她后悔沒(méi)有看到那部電影。 ③完成進(jìn)行式 動(dòng)名詞的完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前,并一直持續(xù)到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí),或繼續(xù)。如: Forgive me for my having been interrupting you so much.原諒

22、我打擾你這么久。 2.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),用被動(dòng)式。如: He climbed through the window without being seen.他從窗口爬進(jìn)去,沒(méi)有被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。 She needs to work without being disturbed (=without people disturb her). 她要在無(wú)人干擾的情況下才能工作。 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)分成一般式和完成式兩種。如: The railway is in the process of being constructed. 鐵路在興建中

23、。 After having kept a prisoner in the Bastille for many years,Dr Manette had recently been set free. 曼奈特醫(yī)生被關(guān)在巴士底監(jiān)獄許多年后,最近獲釋。 特別提示:-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 在want,need,deserve,require 等動(dòng)詞后,總是用-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)于“to be+過(guò)去分詞”。如: My watch needs repairing (= to be repaired ). 我的手表需要修理。 The house

24、wants cleaning.這房屋需要打掃。 在worth這個(gè)形容詞后情形也是這樣。如: The film is worth seeing.這部影片值得一看。 The place is worth visiting.那個(gè)地方值得一游。 三、動(dòng)名詞的否定式 動(dòng)名詞的否定式通常是在動(dòng)名詞前加否定詞not。例如: I apologize for my not having kept promise. 我沒(méi)能遵守諾言,十分抱歉。 I regret not being able to help you. 我很抱歉不能幫助你。 1.作主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),句子

25、有兩種形式: (1)動(dòng)名詞直接置于句首主語(yǔ)的位置上。 Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄?jiǎng)e人是我們?nèi)f萬(wàn)不能干的。 Learning new words is very important for me. 學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。 Talking is easier than doing。說(shuō)比做容易。 (2)用形式主語(yǔ)it,把真正的主語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)用~結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制,作表語(yǔ)的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞,如useful,useless,good,fun，no u

26、se,worth等。例如: It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克爭(zhēng)辯是沒(méi)有什么用的。 It’s worth making the effort. 這事值得去做。 Is it any good trying to explain? 想再解釋一次有好處嗎? It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。 (3)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ),這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“It is impossible to do...”。例如: There is no hi

27、ding of evil but not to do it. 若要人不知,除非己莫為。 There is no joking about such matter。 這種事開(kāi)不得玩笑。 There was no knowing when he would leave. 無(wú)法知道他什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)。 注意:動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較: 動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作通常是一個(gè)泛指的動(dòng)作,不定式則通常表示具體的動(dòng)作。例如: As a child,she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure. 還是個(gè)孩子的

28、時(shí)候,她就覺(jué)得探視病人是一種責(zé)任,也是一種愉悅。 Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me. 到美國(guó)人家里做客對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)將是一個(gè)極好的經(jīng)歷。 Doing nothing is doing ill. 什么也不做就是作惡。 He said,“To go on like this is no use.” 他說(shuō):“繼續(xù)這樣下去是無(wú)用的?！豹? It’s an honour for me to be invited to the party. 我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)晚會(huì)。 歸納:常用

29、-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的句型有: It +be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的 It is/was no good/use doing 做……是沒(méi)用處的 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的 There is no doing 無(wú)法……,不允許…… There is no sense in doing 做……沒(méi)有道理 There is/was no use doing 干……無(wú)意義  There is

30、/was nothing worse than doing 沒(méi)有比……更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干……無(wú)意義 There was no knowing where we would go. 我們不知道要去哪兒。 There is no point doing such a silly thing. 做這件傻事毫無(wú)意義。 注意:There is no need to do sth.干……沒(méi)必要,在此句式中to do 不可換為doing。 There is no need to tell her.沒(méi)有必要告訴她。 提示:當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞

31、用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。 My sister’s being ill made we worried. 我姐姐病了,使我很擔(dān)心。 Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong. 你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。 2.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有兩種情況。一是有些動(dòng)詞只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ);二是有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。 （1）只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,

32、delay,escape,cannot help,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannot stand等。如: I can’t avoid going.我不能不去。 Have you considered looking for one special friend? 你是否考慮過(guò)找一位摯友? We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake. 我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。 Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 晚飯后你想和我

33、一起散步嗎? People couldn’t help laughing foolish man. 人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€(gè)愚蠢的人。  這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞還有:excuse,fancy,give up,put off,risk等。 （2）既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,remember,hate等。 A.在like,love,hate,prefer等動(dòng)詞之后,用-ing或不定式意義上沒(méi)有什么不同,只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同,動(dòng)名詞表示泛指的動(dòng)作,不定式表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。例

34、如: I considered going,but I have this composition to write. 我考慮要去,可是我要寫(xiě)這篇作文。 I enjoy learning about new things from politics to sports and music. 我喜歡從政治、體育及音樂(lè)等方面學(xué)習(xí)新的事情。 We believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air. 我們相信將會(huì)有更多的人喜歡乘坐飛機(jī)旅行。 在would like／love／prefer之后,只能用不定式。

35、例如: I’d prefer to do that tomorrow.這事我想明天再做。 I’d like to do some shopping,but not during the day. 我倒是想去購(gòu)物,但又不想白天去。 I’d like you to meet Dr Zhang. 我想讓你見(jiàn)一見(jiàn)張醫(yī)生。 Oh,I would love to be a contestant. 噢,我倒是想做個(gè)參賽者。 B.在begin/start,continue之后,用動(dòng)名詞和不定式,意義無(wú)甚區(qū)別,尤其是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人的時(shí)候。例如: Jazz started deve

36、loping in the 1920s in the Southern States. 20年代爵士音樂(lè)在美國(guó)南部各州開(kāi)始發(fā)展。 The ship started to leak and begin to fill with water. 船體開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)漏洞,并開(kāi)始進(jìn)水。 Hank started to walk through the carriages to get back to his seat. 漢克開(kāi)始走回他自己坐的車(chē)廂。 Journalists have to stop working on one story and start working immed

37、iately on the important new one. 新聞?dòng)浾卟坏貌煌Ｏ率种兴鶎?xiě)的,立刻開(kāi)始寫(xiě)最新的重要新聞。 當(dāng)begin/start 與see,think,feel,understand等動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),用不定式。例如: They began to understand how important the forest is. 他們開(kāi)始明白森林有多么重要。 begin/start用進(jìn)行式時(shí),只能后接不定式。例如: I was beginning to wonder if it was easy enough to go on the climbing.

38、我開(kāi)始想繼續(xù)往上爬會(huì)不會(huì)越來(lái)越難。 I’m starting to put on weight again. 我又開(kāi)始長(zhǎng)胖了。 C.在動(dòng)詞forget,remember,regret之后,用動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同。動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生,不定式表示后于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作,例如: I remember posting the letter. 我記得我已把信寄了。 I’ll remember to post the letter. 我會(huì)記著去寄信的。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記見(jiàn)到過(guò)那位

39、著名作家。 Don’t forget to write to your mother. 不要忘了給你母親寫(xiě)信。 I regret missing the report. 我真后悔沒(méi)趕上那次報(bào)告會(huì)。 I regret to say I can’t take your advice. 我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。 D.在try,mean之后,意義各不相同,如try to do (設(shè)法),try doing (試試),mean to do (打算,有意要做),mean doing (意思是,意味著)。例如: We must try to get everythi

40、ng done in time.我們必須設(shè)法及時(shí)把一切搞好。 Let’s try doing the working in some other way.我們用別的方法做這工作試試。 I didn’t mean to make you angry.我并不想叫你生氣。 Your plan would mean spending hours.你的計(jì)劃意味著要花費(fèi)幾個(gè)小時(shí)。 E.go on doing 和go on to do go on doing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事;go on to do接著做另一件事。例如: Please go on doing the same

41、 exercise.請(qǐng)接著做這同一個(gè)練習(xí)。 Please go on to do the other exercise.請(qǐng)做另外一個(gè)練習(xí)。 F.stop doing與stop to do stop doing停止做,stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如: We stopped talking.我們停止了交談。 We stopped to talk.我們停了下來(lái)去談話。 3.作介詞的賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。 A.介詞+動(dòng)名詞,如: We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habi

42、ts. 我們得想些辦法改變?nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣。 I apologize for being so angry with you. 我向你道歉,剛才對(duì)你那樣生氣。 After being away for several years,it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up. 離開(kāi)幾年之后再回到你生長(zhǎng)的地方,感覺(jué)有點(diǎn)怪。 B.動(dòng)詞+介詞+動(dòng)名詞,例如: I insist on taking proper food for this expedition. 我

43、堅(jiān)持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。 Instead of smiling,each of them made a face. 同學(xué)們臉上沒(méi)有笑容,相反都做了怪臉。 She was very interested in working for our company. 她對(duì)為我們公司工作很感興趣。 下列短語(yǔ)中的to都是介詞,所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式:devote to,object to,pay attention to,get down to,lead to,look forward to,stick to,be used to等。 8 用心 愛(ài)心 專(zhuān)心