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1、英語基礎(chǔ)寫作,English Writing Wu Haiping (武海平),A game to start with.,A game to start with Titanic is going to sink.,There are 8 passengers. However, there are only 7 seats in the lifeboat.,The passengers :,1 a cleaner 2 a doctor 3 a farmer 4 a singer 5 a teacher 6 a pregnant woman 7 a policewoman 8 a colle

2、ge student,Part1 Manuscript Form 文稿格式,What is a good manuscript form? writing the title 寫標(biāo)題 leaving margins 紙邊留空 indenting 段落開端縮進(jìn) capitalizing 大寫 dividing words 詞的移行,1 Arrangement 安排 About titles關(guān)于題目 1) write the title in the middle of the first line. 題目應(yīng)寫在第一行的中間,About titles關(guān)于題目 2）capitalize the fi

3、rst and last words of the title and all other words.題目的第一個(gè)和最后一個(gè)詞應(yīng)用大寫字母開始。 3) (including words following hypens in compound words包括復(fù)合詞中在連字符后面的詞),About titles關(guān)于題目 4）except articles, coornidating conjunctions, short prepositions, and the to in infinitives. 但冠詞、并列連詞、介詞和不定時(shí)的to除外 5）No period is used at th

4、e end of a title. 題目后不加句號(hào),About titles關(guān)于題目 6）use a question mark if the title is a direct question, but do not use one if the titleia an indirct question 如果題目是疑問句，應(yīng)加問號(hào)：如果是間接引語形式的疑問句，則不加問號(hào),About titles關(guān)于題目 7） use quotation marks with quotes or titles of articles 題目中的引用詞語或文章的標(biāo)題，應(yīng)加引號(hào)。 8) underline/ital

5、icize names of books. 書名應(yīng)用斜體或在下面劃線,Indent the first line of every paragraph, leaving a space of about 4 or 5 letters. 每段的開頭應(yīng)縮進(jìn)，即留出4到5個(gè)字母的空白。,Part1 Manuscript Form文稿格式,Part1 Manuscript Form 文稿格式,1 Arrangement 安排 2 Capitalization 大寫 3 Word Division 移行 4 Punctuation 標(biāo)點(diǎn) 5 Handwriting 書法,雞肉炒面 Chicken cho

6、w mein,視頻中餐速成.Chinese.Food.Made. Easy雞肉炒面.mp4,利伯緹大學(xué)公開課：英文寫作 American Liberty University,Part 2 The Sentence,. Complete Sentences and Sentences Fragments 完整句和不完全句,subject 主語 predicate verb 謂語動(dòng)詞 transitive verb 及物動(dòng)詞 object 賓語 link-verb 系動(dòng)詞 predicative 表語 complement 補(bǔ)語,attributes 定語 adverbials 狀語,逗號(hào)錯(cuò) c

7、omma fault,The use of a comma in place of a period, a semicolon, a colon, or a dash in English writing is called the comma fault. 中文里可以用逗號(hào)將兩個(gè)完整的句子分開，英文則不可以。 英文里需要用句號(hào)，分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)分開兩個(gè)句子，否則就叫“逗號(hào)錯(cuò)”,P 35 . Type of Sentences 句子類型 (use),1. Declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences 陳述句

8、、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句,1. declarative sentence 陳述句 She is my fiance.,2. interrogative 疑問句 Who is your favourite author?,3. imperative sentence 祈使句 Dont touch me.,4. exclamatory sentence 感嘆句 How well you look! What a mess!,P35 . Type of Sentences 句子類型 (structure),2 .simple, compound, complex, or compound-compl

9、ex sentences 簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句或并列復(fù)合句,simple sentence 簡(jiǎn)單句 It has one subject and one predicate verb. To see is to believe.,compound sentence 并列句 It consists of 2 or more simple sentences and linked by and, but, or,etc. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.,complex sentence 復(fù)合句 It contains one main(principle)

10、 clause and one or more dependent (subordinate) clause .,Whoever comes is welcome. The question is how he did it. I believe that I can fly. All that glitters is not gold. You are able to go wherever you like.,compound-complex sentence 并列復(fù)合句,A Day to Remember,3. loose, periodic, and balanced sentence

11、s 松散句、圓周句（掉尾句）或?qū)ε季?P 37 . Type of Sentences 句子類型 (rhetorical 修辭的 point of view),松散句,A loose sentence puts the main idea first, and lets the reader know what it is mainly about when he has read the first few words.,圓周句,In a periodic sentence, the main idea is expressed at or near the end of it.,對(duì)偶句,W

12、hen a sentence contains two parallel clauses similar in structure but contrasted in meaning, it is a balanced sentence.,Loose sentences are easier, simpler, more natural and direct.,Periodic sentences are more complex, formal and literary.,Balanced sentences are impressive. They are mainly used in f

13、ormal writing, like expository 說明的 and argumentative 議論的 prose and speeches.,My National Day,P41 . Effective Sentences 有效句 1. Unity 統(tǒng)一性 2. Coherence 連貫性 3. Conciseness 簡(jiǎn)潔性 4. Emphasis 強(qiáng)調(diào)性 5. Variety 多樣性,P41 1. Unity 統(tǒng)一性,A unified sentence expresses a single complete thought. It does not contain idea

14、s that are not closely related, nor does it express a thought that is not complete by itself.,. Effective Sentences有效句 1. Unity 統(tǒng)一性 2. Coherence 連貫性 3. Conciseness 簡(jiǎn)潔性 4. Emphasis 強(qiáng)調(diào)性 5. Variety 多樣性,2. Coherence 連貫性,Coherence means clear and reasonable connection between parts.,P42 2. Coherence 連貫性,

15、1) faulty parallel constructions 平行結(jié)構(gòu)使用有誤 2) pronouns with ambiguous reference 代詞指代不明,3) dangling(mispalced) modifiers 垂懸修飾語（使用不當(dāng)?shù)男揎椪Z） 4) confusing shifts in person and number or in voice,tense and mood.人稱、數(shù)、語氣和語態(tài)上的變動(dòng)混亂,. Effective Sentences有效句 1. Unity 統(tǒng)一性 2. Coherence 連貫性 3. Conciseness 簡(jiǎn)潔性 4. Emp

16、hasis 強(qiáng)調(diào)性 5. Variety 多樣性,P 46 3. Conciseness 簡(jiǎn)潔性,A sentence should contain no unnecessary words. If the idea is fully expressed, the fewer words are used, the better. Wordiness only obscures the idea.,. Effective Sentences有效句 1. Unity 統(tǒng)一性 2. Coherence 連貫性 3. Conciseness 簡(jiǎn)潔性 4. Emphasis 強(qiáng)調(diào)性 5. Variet

17、y 多樣性,P49 4. Emphasis 強(qiáng)調(diào)性,When there is an important idea, it should be expressed with emphasis.,(1) Emphatic sentences 整句強(qiáng)調(diào),1. short sentences 短句 2. sentence fragments 不完整句 3. inverted sentences 倒裝句 4. parallel constructions and balanced sentences平行結(jié)構(gòu)和對(duì)稱句 5. periodic sentences 圓周句,6. imperative and

18、 exclamatory sentences 祈使句和感嘆句 7. Rhetorical questions修辭問句或反問句 8. negative-positive sentences否定肯定句 9. Sentences with repeated words or phrases有重復(fù)詞或短語的句子,(2 )Emphasis within the sentence句內(nèi)強(qiáng)調(diào),1 placing 位置 2 repetition重復(fù) 3 the verb and active voice動(dòng)詞和主動(dòng)語態(tài) 4 subordination 從屬 5 emphatic words and phrases

19、 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞或短語 6 alliteration 頭韻,P 63 Part Four :The Paragraph 段落,A paragraph is like a mini-essay; it should be unified, coherent and well developed.,. Effective Paragraphs 有效段落,1. unity 統(tǒng)一性 If all the sentences in a paragraph lead to one central theme, the paragraph is unified. The central theme is us

20、ually summarized in what is called the topic sentence.,P 62,P 63,P 65 . Effective Paragraphs 有效段落,2. Coherence 連貫性,Ways of Developing Paragraphs 段落的展開法,1. Development by time 按時(shí)間展開,2. Development by process 按過程展開,3. Development by space 按空間展開,4. Development by Example or Generalization 用舉例和歸納方式展開,5.

21、 Development by Comparison and Contrast 用類比和對(duì)比方式展開,6. Development by Cause and Effect 用原因和結(jié)果方式展開,7. Development by Classification 用分類方式展開,8. Development by Defination 用定義方式展開,英語句型 作文模板 引出話題,Recently the problem of . has been brought into focus. 最近問題引起了關(guān)注。 Nowadays. has become a problem we have to fa

22、ce. 現(xiàn)今, ( )已成為我們不得不面對(duì)的問題。,英語句型 作文模板 表達(dá)不同觀點(diǎn),People s views on . vary from person to person. Some hold that . However, others believe that . 人們對(duì) 的觀點(diǎn)因人而異， 有些人認(rèn)為 然而，其他人卻認(rèn)為,英語句型 作文模板 表示結(jié)尾,In short, it can be said that . 總之，可以說 Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that . 把所有這些因素考慮進(jìn)去，我們可以得出結(jié)論,英語句型 作文模板 提出建議,It is high time that we put an end to. 該是我們停止的時(shí)候了。 There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of . 毫無疑問，對(duì)問題應(yīng)予以足夠重視。,On Chinese Fever 關(guān)于漢語熱,1 世界各地興起了漢語熱 2 漢語熱興起的原因 3 我的看法,