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1、Unit 3 Life in the future,基礎(chǔ)知識自測,一、單詞拼寫 根據(jù)讀音、詞性和詞義寫出單詞。 1._ krid n. 四輪馬車,車廂 2._ praivit a. 私人的 n. 士兵 3._ impren n. 印象 4._ rimaind v. 提醒 vt. 提醒 5._ pri: vjs a. 在.之前, 以前的 6._ lk n. 缺乏, v. 缺乏,不足 7._ bend v. 彎曲, 屈服 8._ pres n. 新聞界, 壓力 v. 按, 壓 9._ swift a. 快的ad. 快速地 10._m: st n. 主人a. 主人的v. 征服,master,carr

2、iage,private,impression,remind,previous,lack,bend,press,swift,11._ sait n. 景觀,眼界 v. 看見 12._ le n. 長度 13._ sist n. 幫助, 協(xié)助 v. 協(xié)助 14._ rikwai v. 需要, 要求 15._ setlmnt n.解決,殖民(地),居留地 16._ lukein n. 地點, 位置 17._ knstnt a. 經(jīng)常的n. 常數(shù) 18._ sraundi a. 周圍的 n. 環(huán)境 19._ ikstr: dinri a. 非常的, 特別的 20._ swit n. 開關(guān),轉(zhuǎn)換 v.

3、 轉(zhuǎn)變,擺動,switch,sight,length,assist,require,settlement,location,constant,surrounding,extraordinary,二、單詞運用 根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，在空格處填入一個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，或者用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Due to an unexpected emergency, we had to_ (length) our stay in Beijing by three days. 2. How exciting it is to work in a space station which is divid

4、ed into zones with _ (extraordinary) different atmospheres and gravities! 3. These hovering carriages float above the ground and by bending and pressing down on the driving stick strongly one can move_ (swift).,lengthen,extraordinarily,swiftly,4. As is well known, the key to protecting the wildlife

5、is to protect the natural _ (surround) in which they live. 5. I have to_ (constant) rub my eyes to remind myself that I have traveled to the year AD 3005. 6. The hotel reminded me_ the one where we stayed last winter. 7. The new teacher made good impression _ the students by her rich knowledge and h

6、umorous talk.,surroundings,constantly,of,on,8. I think father would like to know _Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. 9. Having recovered from the terrible car accident with the devoted care of the nurse, she is_ (bend) on returning to work as soon as possible. 10. With all

7、gifts_ (wrap) beautifully and_ (place) under the Christmas tree, Mother and father smiled with satisfaction at each other.,what,bent,placed,wrapped,三、詞語派生 用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Our car broke down half way down the highway, but thanks to the_ (assist) of an unknown truck driver we were not delayed too l

8、ong. 2. The path becomes very_ (mud) on rainy days and makes it difficult for people to go in or out. 3. The company is under increasing _ (press) to improve pay and working conditions.,assistance,muddy,pressure,4. A strike was called because labor and management could not agree upon a_ (settle). 5.

9、 Believing that I met the_ (require) listed in the advertisement, I wrote a letter to apply for an interview. 6. With eight students living in one small dormitory room, you dont have too much _ (private). 7. Youll have direct access to all available hotels, including detailed descriptions; photos an

10、d _ (locate) information.,settlement,requirements,privacy,location,8. You may want to say what _ (impress) the book left you with, or emphasize what you want your reader to know about it. 9. A Bluetooth wireless connection for an MP3 headset（頭戴式耳機(jī)） is very _ (believe). 10. People around him are usua

11、lly infected by his_ (optimistic).,impression,believable,optimism,四、詞組互譯 將下列詞組或短語譯成中文或英語。 1._占據(jù)（空間、時間）；從事 2. _看不見 3. _給某人留下好印象 4. _朝各個方向 5. _結(jié)果；由于 6._橫掃，掠過；掃掉 7._加速 8._遭受 9._ 瞥見,catch sight of,take up,lose sight of,make a good impression on sb.,in all directions,as a result (of),sweep up/away,speed

12、up,suffer from,10. get back on ones feet_ 11. assist sb. in doing sth._ 12. remind sb. of sth._ 13. under repair_ 14. have an opportunity to do sth. _ 15. in no time_,完全恢復(fù)，振作起來,幫助某人做某事,使某人想起,在維修中,有機(jī)會做某事,立刻，馬上,五、詞組運用 根據(jù)句子提供的語境，從第四大題中選一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~組并用其適用的形式填空。 1. The flight, intended to have arrived at 8 ocl

13、ock, was delayed for two hours _ fog. 2. It took him 3 years to_ after his mothers death, during which time he did nothing but work and bury himself in his memories of her. 3.The story _me _my own childhood when I had to_ a number of odd jobs to_ my mother_ keeping the whole family together. Luckily

14、, with the financial support of a distant relative, I finally_ to enter a teachers college and later found a job in a primary school.,had an opportunity,as a result of,get back on ones feet,reminded,of,take up,assist,in,4. His calmness and wisdom_ _his teammates so they chose him to be the team lead

15、er. 5. The child _his mother in the supper market, worried, crying bitterly. 6. Please dont rush me again and again; Ill finish it_. 7. As the Spring Festival was drawing near, the factory_ production, requiring all the workers to work overtime, in the hope of fulfilling the orders before the holida

16、y.,sped up,made a good impression on,lost sight of,in no time,8. I got lost when we reached what looked like a large market because of the people flying by_. 9. With a sigh, she bent down, picked up the toys on the floor, and then _all the rubbish. 10. Traffic will be diverted while the road is _.,u

17、nder repair,in all directions,swept up,Language Data Bank,First impressions.,第一印象.,impressions: n. c 印象;感想 impress vt. 我對他的印象很好.,I had a very good impression of him.,give sb. a favourable impression make an impression on sb.,給某人以好印象 給某人留下印象 這演說給我們留下了深刻的印象.,The speech made a strong impression on us.,

18、The teacher impressed us with his sense of humour.,I still cannot believe that I am taking up .,(1)接受(建議或挑戰(zhàn)),(2)對.產(chǎn)生興趣 Tom has taken up pottery(陶藝).,(3)開始從事,開始承擔(dān),(4)著手處理,著手進(jìn)行,(5)占去(時間或空間),He took up challenge with courage.,He decided to photograph as his career.,Im going to take this matter up with

19、my lawyer.,Writing the paper took up most of the weekend.,take off take on take out take over take down take in take hold of take sth by surprise take sth for sth take back,脫下,起飛,成功,雇傭,呈現(xiàn),接受,拿出,去掉,扣除,接管,接任,占據(jù),取下,記下,拆卸,接納,吸收;領(lǐng)會,理解;欺騙,I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008,(1)c

20、onstantly adv. 經(jīng)常地，反復(fù)地 constant adj.經(jīng)常的，不變的，忠貞的 老人的手不停的顫抖.,The old mans hands shook constantly.,He is constantly disturbing me.,I am Jays constant fan and supporter.,He has been constant in his scientific research.,(2)remind vt.使記住,提醒; 使想起;使記起,使某人想起某人/某事 提醒某人做某事 提醒某人.,請?zhí)嵝阉t些吃藥 這部影片使他回想起在中國所看到的一切.,Pl

21、ease remind him to take this medicine later.,The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.,He ed me that I hadnt written to Mother.,remind sb. of sb./sth. remind sb. to do sth. remind sb. that/what/how,As a result, I suffered from “time lag”.,(1)as a result 因此,結(jié)果 as a result of result from res

22、ult in,由于 起因于 導(dǎo)致(=lead to),天下雪,因此她遲到了.,It snowed, as a result, she was late.,(2)suffer from 患(病) 因.受困擾 她為貧困所擾.,She suffers from poverty.,She suffers from headache,This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. 這就與你乘坐飛機(jī)會產(chǎn)

23、生時差反應(yīng)相似，所不同的是，在你的腦子里似乎不斷地閃現(xiàn)以前的時光。,flashback 閃回；倒敘。,The events in his happy family life were shown in flashback. 他幸福的家庭生活是用倒敘法來表現(xiàn)的。,“jet lag” 噴氣機(jī)飛行時差綜合癥。,tolerate 容忍，忍受.,(2)surroundings專指自然環(huán)境,從周圍的事物這一客體著眼.用復(fù)數(shù). environment可指自然環(huán)境,也可指精神環(huán)境, 均從環(huán)境對人的感受,道德觀念的影響著眼.用單數(shù).,eg: The boy grew up in beautiful surrou

24、ndings but not in a happy home environment.,At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.,We simply cannot tolerate cheating in exams. 我們就是不能容許考試作弊行為,(3)lack n. 缺乏,不足,沒有,他擅長于自己的工作,但似乎缺乏信心.,He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.,I havent finished the painting for _ of time.

25、 A. lack B. short C. need D. want,A,short of 是形容詞短語.,They ed the money to send him to university.,v.缺乏,不足,沒有,I s words with which to express my thanks.,Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. 由于缺乏新鮮空氣，我感到頭痛。,lack for lack of be lacking in have no lack of,He lacks courage = He is lacking in courag

26、e.,The plants died for lack of water.,They lacked for nothing, but money.,ache vi. pain 泛指各種程度的疼痛,并常用來指精神上的痛苦.,My body is all aches and pains.,I felt better in no time.,in no time at no time,他們馬上就回來.,They will be back in no time.,at once not at all,all the time at all times at times for a time for t

27、he time being at a time at one time,一直 隨時,永遠(yuǎn) 有時 暫且,短時間內(nèi) 暫且 依次,逐一,每次 從前,Soon I was back on my feet again ,be back on ones feet 東山再起,Im back on my feet. 我已經(jīng)好了（痊愈了）。 He cant wait to get back on his feet. 他實在按耐不住了，想重振旗鼓。 Is she back on her feet? 她好了嗎？,These carriages float above the ground and by bendin

28、g or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly.,(1)by doing 常表方式,方法或手段. 她靠賣報紙掙錢.,She earned money by selling newspapers.,(2)bend 使彎曲,屈身,她彎下腰撿起一塊石頭,She bent down and picked up a stone.,Touch your toes without bending your knees.,集中(全力)于 她專心致志于這項工作.,She bent her mind to the job.,(3) press v./ n

29、. 按,壓,擠;新聞;逼迫,His head was bent over a book.,I pressed the button but nobody answered the door.,The shoe is pressing my toe.,Time presses. Make up your mind.,The English-Chinese Dictionary is in now.,(4)swiftly adv.迅速的,敏捷的 swift adj.,他沿著黑暗的街道迅速地走回家去.,辨析: swift側(cè)重動作的輕快,順利; rapid 側(cè)重事物的進(jìn)展迅速,表示動作快可與 swif

30、t 互換; quick側(cè)重動作的快,與swift可互換; fast 側(cè)重速度的快.,He walked swiftly towards home down the dark street.,I lose sight of Wang Pingin all directions,lose sight of: 看不見,忽視,失去聯(lián)系,我和他完全失掉了聯(lián)系.,I have lost sight of him entirely.,catch sight of at first sight out of sight in/within sight at the sight of,看見 乍一看 看不到,在視

31、野外 看的見,在視野內(nèi) 一看見.,I caught sight of her getting on the bus when I came out of the bookstore.,我從書店出來時看見她上了公共汽車.,(2) in all directions 向四面八方 敵人向四面八方逃竄.,The enemies fled in all directions.,He was swept up into.,sweep up 掃除,清掃,橫掃,She was left to sweep up after the party.,The strong wind swept up the leav

32、es into the air.,12. Exhausted, I slid into bed and.,exhausted此處是形容詞,作狀語,表原因.,slide v. 偷偷地移動;潛行;(使)滑動,船滑入水中.,The ship slid (down) into the water.,1.This kind of plant will die in continuously rainy _. condition B. surrounding C. environments D. surroundings 2.I saw people coming _ all directions to

33、attend the Kite Flying Festival. to B. of C. in D. out 3.The secretary reminded me _ there was a meeting that afternoon. A. of B. about C. that D. on,D,C,C,Choose the best answer,4.They will be as tall as you soon if they _. keep on growing like that B. keep to grow like it C. keep growing like that

34、 D. will keep growing like that 5.Farmers can increase their corn crops three times simply _ watering their fields. through B. with C. by D. in 6.There must be no life on the Mars for _ of air there. lack B. lacking C. short D. empty,C,C,A,8. Catching _ sight of their headteacher coming, the student

35、s fell silence in _ flash. the; the B. /; a C. the; / D. /; / 9.He gives people the impression _ all his life abroad. of having spent B. to have spent C. of being spent D. to spend,B,A,7.As there are cars and buses passing by, I couldnt _ my mind to my study. A. bend B. put C. fix D. concentrate,A,G

36、rammar,Past participle (3)used as Adverbial 現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行,主動,與主句主語之間是主動關(guān)系。如果一個被動的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,則可使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式或過去分詞。,attention,過去分詞表完成、被動, 作狀語時,其邏輯主語是主句的主語, 且與主語之間存在著被動關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語可表時間, 原因, 讓步, 結(jié)果, 方式, 條件等。,觀察下列的句子:,Once published, his works (=Once his works was published, ) became famous for the absence of rh

37、yme at the end of each line.,PP作時間狀語,相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強(qiáng)調(diào)時間概念。,過去分詞作時間狀語,1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into water.,2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed. Seen under a microscope, a f

38、resh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.,過去分詞作原因狀語,1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.,2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.

39、Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.,過去分詞作條件或者假設(shè)狀語,If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.,2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go. Compared with you, we still have a

40、long way to go.,作方式或伴隨情況狀語,The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.,2. She sat by the window, lost in thought. She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought. lost 表示一種迷失心理狀態(tài),1) 過去分詞在句子中可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語、條件狀語和讓步狀語等。 2) 過去分詞作狀語時,過去

41、分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語一致。,Summary,過去分詞作狀語:,過去分詞有兩大特點： 1. 表示被動的動作； 2. 表示已經(jīng)完成的動作, 因此,當(dāng)過去分詞作狀語的時候一定要搞清楚分詞與主語的邏輯關(guān)系被動, 例如:,Rewrite with proper conjunctions,1. United we stand, divided we fail. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided, we will fail.,Example:,2. Asked what had happened, he told us abou

42、t it. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it. 3. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures. Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.,4. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much

43、 better. If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 5. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.,6. Deeply interested in medicine, she de

44、cided to become a doctor. Because she was deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. 7. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all.,用過去分詞作狀語來改寫句子。,As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for th

45、e first few days. _ , I was unsettled for the first few days.,Worried about the journey,2. If he is given time, hell make a first-class tennis player. _ , hell make a first-class tennis player. 3) As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. _, I was hit by the lack

46、 of fresh air.,Given time,Confused by the new surroundings,4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. _ _, he became tense.,Questioned by the police about the fire,Find out the sentences with same meaning.,1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the f

47、irst few days. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.,2. While I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. Confused by the new surrounding, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. 3. As I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. Exh

48、austed, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.,1. Following the old man, we went upstairs.we followed (跟著那個老人, 我們上去了) 2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were) (被那個老人跟著, 我們上去了),Compare,3. 從上面看,體育場好像一個鳥巢。 _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen 4. 從太空看, 宇航員看

49、不到長城。 _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen,Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle _for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊. _ the book, I find it useful. 在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用. _ at her, he jumped with joy. _at by he

50、r, he jumped with joy.,Used,Using,Looking,Looked,注意：選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。,Complete each sentence using the Past Participle of the right verb.,1) _ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dare to sleep in her room. 2) The lady returned home, _ by two policemen.,f

51、righten trap follow shoot,Frightened,followed,3) If _ in a burning building, you should send for help. 4) Although _in the leg, he continued firing at the police.,trapped,shot,過去分詞作定語 過去分詞作定語與其所修飾的詞之間存在著邏輯上的被動關(guān)系,且表示該動作已經(jīng)完成。單個的過去分詞作定語,通常置于被修飾的詞的前面,而分詞短語作定語,則須置于被修飾詞的后面。,1. Last Sunday we went on an or

52、ganized trip to the forest. 上星期我們組織了一次去森林的旅行。 2. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 今天發(fā)出的信后天就能收到。,分詞作定語可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句: He worked as a worker building roads. (主動) = He worked as a worker who/ that built roads. This is a picture painted by my father. (被動) = This is a picture which

53、 was painted by my father.,I know the young man sleeping on the bench. (在進(jìn)行) = I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. (已完成) = The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.,過去分詞短語有時亦可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。 Some of them, bor

54、n and brought up in country villages, had never seen a train. 他們當(dāng)中有一些人, 生長在農(nóng)村，從未見過火車。,過去分詞作定語有前置和后置兩種情況:,單個的過去分詞作定語, 通常放在被修飾的名詞之前, 表示被動和完成意義。,1.前置定語,被動意義：,an honored guest,一位受尊敬的客人,(受傷的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.,B.完成意義,a retired teacher,一位退休的教師,They are cleaning (落葉) in the

55、 yard.,The injured workers,the fallen leaves,2.后置定語,過去分詞短語作定語時, 通常放在被修飾的名詞之后, 它的作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。,This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. =,Who were the so-called guests invited (= ) to your part last night?,that has ever been written,who had been invited,如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no + thing/

56、body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等時，即使一個單一的分詞作形容詞用，也要放在被修飾詞的后面。 例如： Is there anything unsolved? There is noting changed here since I left this town.,注意:,1. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing,考點點撥,簡析: 首先,

57、根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分是一個作定語、修飾 The Olympic Games的后置分詞短語;再根據(jù) The Olympic Games 對于動詞 play 來說只能是被動承受,且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此,該題應(yīng)選C。,2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 簡析: 該題應(yīng)選B。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動,等于定語從句 which is spoken。,3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from

58、 South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 簡析: 該題應(yīng)選A。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動, 等于定語從句who were invited。,4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 簡析: 該題應(yīng)選D。測試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞后,可以用非限制性定

59、語從句“which was opened last year”代替。,5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 簡析: 該題應(yīng)選D。測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動,等于定語從句which were written。,另外,分詞作狀語時,如果其邏輯主語與整個句子的主語不一致時,需要獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或 with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來替代

60、。(此時,也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語補足語。),例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 簡析: 很顯然,待選部分的邏輯主語是 his hands,而不是句子的主語 The murderer,而 his hands 對于動詞 tie來說,只能是被動承受。因此,該題應(yīng)選D。,6. When _ if she would request a rise, the actress said that money

61、was not important. A. asked B. asking C. having asked D. being asked,7. Yesterday I saw in the newspaper a teaching post _ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it. A. advertises B. advertising C. advertised D. to advertise,1. I like reading the novels _ (write ) by Zhang Ailing. 2. The girl _ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin. 3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _ (repair).,written,writing,repaired,Filling in the blanks.,4. I want the doors of my new house _ (paint) white. 5. There was a _ (surprise) look on his